• Control of Vehicular & Industry Emission

Anthropogenic activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have changed the composition of the atmosphere in ways that threaten dramatic changes to the global climate. Signs of climate change are evident worldwide and additional changes will have serious impacts on our nation’s future. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) produced from fossil fuel combustion. Emissions from the transportation sector are a large and important source of GHGs, contributing about 33% of the CO2 emissions in the U.S. As such, controlling GHG emissions from the transportation sector is essential to the overall efforts to alleviate long-term impacts on the climate.

Turbochargers increasingly are being used by automakers to make it possible to use downsized gasoline engines that consume less fuel but still deliver the power of the larger-displacement engines they replace. A turbocharger is a device driven by exhaust gases that increases engine power by pumping air into the combustion chambers. Forcing air into an engine’s intake manifold at higher-than-atmospheric pressure allows more fuel to be burned, which results in higher output. The turbocharger employs two encased fans mounted on either end of a common shaft. The engine’s exhaust gases are routed through one fan (a turbine), which rotates the shaft at several hundred-thousand rpm. This in turn spins the opposite fan (a compressor), which compresses the air entering the engine’s intake manifold. Turbochargers often work in tandem with an intercooler, which serves to cool the compressed air before it enters the engine. Compressing the air heats, it, which makes it less dense and negates some of the positive effect. Intercoolers typically are simple radiators through which the intake air passes to shed some heat, increasing the density before combustion.