• Control of Vehicular & Industry Emission

Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) is a key technology of gasoline engine development to reduce CO2 emissions while improving torque and power output. However, the drawback of GDI engines is an increase in particle number (PN) emissions compared to conventional Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines.

Most of the GDI particles are formed during the cold-start phase, catalyst heating mode and dynamic engine modes. Therefore, the injection system including the injection operating program (e.g. number of injections, timing, and amount of injection) has been further developed in order to improve the air-fuel mixture in the cold-start phase. Furthermore, internal engine measures such as improved mixture homogenization and minimized amount of injected fuel striking the walls help to avoid the formation of particles. Thus, the latest GDI vehicles can achieve the PN limit of 6×1011/km on the regulatory test cycle (NEDC or WLTC). The RDE procedure however also includes particle counting in a wide range of engine map operations. The Gasoline Particulate Filter (GPF) technology has been derived from successful experience with DPF and is available. It ensures control of ultrafine particles from Gasoline Direct Injection engines under real-world driving conditions.